Compost as soil - Composting is the most adaptable and fruitful method for managing biodegradable solid wastes; it is a crucial agricultural practice that contributes to recycling farm and agricultural wastes. Composting is profitable for various plant, animal, and synthetic wastes, from residential bins to large corporations. …

 
This paper did show that some plants such as strawberries, bedding plants, and tomatoes can be grown in 100% compost. The compost was different for each plant and the way they were grown was different. I listed the plants grown in pure compost and the compost material below. Compost Material. Crop. Growing …. Sam's club complimentary membership

Combine the compost with the existing soil at a minimum depth of 2-4 inches. When transplanting seedlings into the garden, add compost to the planting holes to boost the nutrients. Add a thin layer throughout the growing season – no more than 1/2 inch – to improve the soil and add nutrients to your plants.Compost is an irreplaceable soil amendment, but that’s just what it is - an amendment. Some of the essentials in compost are only good in small amounts. Too much of a good thing can lead to problems, such as ammonia toxicity and excessive salinity. And while compost is rich in some nutrients and minerals, it’s …Compost can replenish the nutrients in soil, restoring fertility in land that has been depleted. Compost can help prevent topsoil erosion by allowing the soil to absorb more water during heavy rainfalls and by fostering robust plant growth. One study found that the application of compost helped to reduce soil loss by 86 …Nov 3, 2020 · A good compost bin needs five main components: greens, browns, water, air, and soil. The last three are pretty self-explanatory. Keep the pile damp but not overly moist, make sure you turn the pile every so often to activate the aerobic bacteria inside of it and throw in some good soil from the start. Feb 13, 2024 · Compost tea is made by "steeping" compost in a bucket of water (5 parts water to 1 part compost by volume) for 1-3 days, then straining and applying the liquid to plants. Make compost tea using composted yard waste (leaves, grass clippings, etc.) or vermicompost (worm compost). Do not use farm animal manure compost. Feb 27, 2024 · Mushroom compost and manure are two different soil amendments, not only in their composition but also in their use. Mushroom compost contains a wide range of organic materials, including horse manure, which have undergone a sanitization process before the mixture is used for growing mushrooms. It is less dense and lighter than manure and ready ... Compost is defined as the product resulting from the controlled biological decomposition of organic material 1.Compost production involves heat generation through microbial activity (mostly aerobic) that can eliminate pathogens and other harmful bacteria, as well as stabilize the product such that it is appropriate for …Feb 27, 2024 · Mushroom compost and manure are two different soil amendments, not only in their composition but also in their use. Mushroom compost contains a wide range of organic materials, including horse manure, which have undergone a sanitization process before the mixture is used for growing mushrooms. It is less dense and lighter than manure and ready ... Overview. Compost is partially broken-down organic material. You can make compost at home or buy compost. Finished compost is available in bags at plant nurseries and …The compost pile goes dormant during the winter, but it will begin to decompose again when air temperatures increase above 50°F. Another pile can also be started in the spring for fall planting. Composting is a procedure that is relatively simple and very rewarding if done correctly. Compost contains organic matter which …Compost Enriches and Builds Healthy Soil. Adds organic matter to the soil and increases the nutrient content and biodiversity of microbes in soil. Conserves water … This paper did show that some plants such as strawberries, bedding plants, and tomatoes can be grown in 100% compost. The compost was different for each plant and the way they were grown was different. I listed the plants grown in pure compost and the compost material below. Compost Material. Crop. Growing Environment. Percent Compost. Yard Waste. A 'recipe' for compost... ... Mix green waste with brown material in equal parts - shredded material works best – let it sit for 4-6 months turning occasionally.Fast composting of leaves starts with a layer 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20.5 cm.) thick of leaves with one inch (2.5 cm.) of soil and an inch (2.5 cm.) of manure or another green nitrogen source. You can also add 1 cup (240 mL.) of nitrogen fertilizer. Mix the layers every two weeks and keep the pile moderately moist.Potting soil qualifies as organic matter, and many believe it can be used to improve the quality or texture of the compost mix. However, before putting anything in your compost pile, ensure it doesn’t contain harmful creatures that can infect the future plants and soil the mixture will be used for. You can compost potting soil.It helps the plants to aerate the soil, absorb water and oxygen, and generate biological activity. In other words, as compost is broken down it creates the specific nutrients needed to maintain proper growth. Organic soil often includes clay pebbles that create air pockets for adequate drainage, even in potted plants.Composted manure is a valuable source of nutrients and organic matter that can be used as a soil amendment in agriculture. Some important benefits of using composted manure in agriculture include ...If you are trying to improve the quality of turf growing in poor or marginal soils, consider using spent mushroom substrate (SMS) as a soil amendment. Spent mushroom substrate (sometimes called mushroom soil, recycled mushroom compost, or mushroom compost) can improve the structure of clay …Be patient, compost happens. Add finished compost to growing beds for increased soil fertility. Finished compost can be used to: mulch or “top dress” planted areas, amend to soil prior to planting, or as a component in potting media. Add about two inches of compost to new beds and about one inch of compost …Nov 5, 2021 · Unfinished compost is compost that still has visible bits of food or garden scraps in it, or compost that has not quite finished breaking down. Essentially, it is any remaining organic matter that has not turned back into rich soil, but remains in its original form – whether that’s as a leaf, a seed, a piece of straw, etc. The value of compost to a garden is probably not what most people think. Compost is not a substitute for fertilizer if you’re trying to grow crops that have a high nutrient demand. The real value of adding composted amendments to your garden is to loosen the soil and minimize compaction, improve the drainage and …The benefit of using coffee grounds as a fertilizer is that it adds organic material to the soil, which improves drainage, water retention, and aeration in the soil. The used coffee grounds will also help microorganisms beneficial to plant growth thrive as well as attract earthworms. Many people feel that coffee …Compost used as a soil amendment should be applied and incorporated into the soil before planting crops, grasses, plants, etc. Apply 1-3 inches of compost to the soil surface and work it in to the soil to a depth of about 3-4 inches. Unfinished Compost. Using unfinished compost as a soil amendment … Compost improves your soil. When added to soil, compost breaks up heavy clay soils, helps sandy soils retain water and nutrients, and releases essential nutrients. Compost also contains beneficial microscopic organisms that build up the soil and make nutrients available to plants. Improving your soil is the first step towards growing healthy ... Adding compost directly on top of the soil will create both healthier soil and bigger plants. When using compost on top of soil, it should be applied in a 2 – 4 inches thick layer. Compost contains bacteria, fungi, microorganisms, and nutrients that promote plant growth. Additionally, using compost as a soil cover prevents weeds, insulates ... Compost can replenish the nutrients in soil, restoring fertility in land that has been depleted. Compost can help prevent topsoil erosion by allowing the soil to absorb more water during heavy rainfalls and by fostering robust plant growth. One study found that the application of compost helped to reduce soil loss by 86 …Composting reduces yard waste volume by 50 to 75 percent. Compost made with manure is questionable for use in food gardens due to newer strains of bacteria that cause food-borne illnesses. The microorganisms that break down plant wastes require favorable temperatures, moisture and oxygen. Compost can be used as a …First lay down a "green" layer. Next, add a layer of "brown" materials. Then add another green layer. Sprinkle soil between all layers. Moisten each layer as your build the pile, and turn your compost regularly to speed up the composting process. With little effort you can use the compost you produce to create a …Compost is a valuable and free soil amendment that saves gardeners the money used to buy alternatives, such as peat moss, fertilizer, or vermiculite. It improves soil tilth (physical condition of the soil), aeration (reducing compaction, improving root growth and water penetration), water-holding capacity …Work 2 to 3 inches of organic matter into the surface of the soil. Then add at least 1 inch more each year after that. Add the organic matter in the fall, if possible. Use permanent raised beds to improve drainage and keep foot traffic out of the growing area. Minimize tilling and spading.At its core, composting is the process of breaking down organic material to create rich, valuable soil, called compost, which works to build depleted soil back into a thriving ecosystem. One obvious benefit is the impact on soil for gardening—the nutrient-packed soil will allow your flowers and produce thrive.Aug 14, 2015 ... There seems to be a lot of discussion about the difference between soil and compost. In this video I will explain the difference.Compost improves the physical, chemical, and biochemical characteristics of soil salinity and is a low-cost method of soil recovery [6]. When compost is added to soil with high salinity, it leads to improvements in the soil physicochemical properties: for example, the water-holding capacity, cation …Compost is a soil chock-full of nutrients that’s created after organic matter breaks down. This soil is the end result of a decomposition process that occurs naturally, but one that we can mimic ...Without compost, soil would be dirt, the stuff you drag into your house when you forget to take off your shoes. Soil, on the other hand, is our life support system. It anchors plant roots, creates habitat for millions of critters, filters water and holds nutrients. Life without healthy soil would be nearly impossible.1. Improve soil. One of the most common ways to use compost is as a soil amendment.Compost can be mixed into established flower or vegetable gardens in spring or fall to replenish any nutrients ...Sheet composting, also referred to as lasagna composting or sheet mulching, is a cold composting method used by people around the world for generations. It is an excellent way to convert grass to vegetable beds, create new perennial borders, improve soil and soil structure, and recycle organic material at home.Though it also boosts up soil quality, it is not the primary focus of mulching; whereas primary focus of sheet composting is to boost the soil quality. Conclusion: Sheet Composting is an easy way to expand a garden with a minimum amount of equipment, material, and time. The only tool you will need for sheet …It enriches the soil and supplies nutrients for the healthy growth of plants. Mushroom compost also increases the water-holding capacity of the soil, which decreases your watering needs. Mushroom compost is suitable for most garden plants. It supports various types of plant growth, from fruits and …“By increasing the organic matter content of soils with compost, we’re adding nutrients back into the soils to try to replenish what had been taken when we harvest …The benefits of using compost as a soil amendment include increasing soil tilth, fertility, water holding capacity, aeration, and drainage. Composting is the aerobic, or oxygen-requiring, decomposition of organic materials by microorganisms under controlled conditions. Bacteria start the process and are responsible for much of …Why Use Compost as Soil Amendment? Mixing compost with soil is a win-win for the garden. Amending soil with compost provides numerous benefits and is a …Jul 20, 2022 · How to Use Compost for Mulch in Gardens. Like most mulch, a thick layer is better than a thinner one to help shade out sunlight from emerging weeds. Add a 2 to 4 inch (5-10 cm.) layer of compost over the soil around all your perennials, extending the layer outward about 12 inches (31 cm.) from the plants. This layer will slowly work its way ... Charles C. Mitchell, extension agronomist with the Alabama Cooperative Extension also studied adding this food waste to the soil in a farm setting to neutralize soil acidity.. He determined that adding crushed eggshells to the soil was useless – unless they were ground to a fine powder, smaller than sand. …Bulk Compost and Colorado Soil supplies from Colorado Materials are the ideal way to bring a new refresh to your home landscaping.How Do You Add Compost To Soil? Each method of adding compost to soil depends on the purpose of the compost. For example, compost can add nutrients for growing plants, amend poor quality soils, and reduce …The soil has been classified as a Haplic Regosol (WRB) with 47% skeleton, 26% clay, 32% silt, and 42% sand in the <2 ... The compost was produced following a standard protocol for professional aerobic quality composting (Kompostforum-Schweiz, 1998). The piles were turned each day for the first five …Compost is ready when it has cooled, turned a rich brown color, and has decomposed into small soil-like particles. Step 5. Use the compost. About one month before planting, apply 1-3 inches of the finished compost and work it into the top four inches of soil. Compost can also be used in the garden as a top …Once formed, compost works to feed the soil. Compost is something you can buy at big box stores and nurseries, and you can also make your own compost. Either homemade or commercial options are viable ways to add nutrition and tilth to your soil. Compost has an added bonus of providing some moisture …May 1, 2023 · To make your own hot-compost heap, wait until you have enough materials to make a pile at least 3 feet deep with a combination of wet (green) items and dry (brown) items. Brown materials include dried plant materials, fallen leaves, shredded tree branches, cardboard, newspaper, hay, straw, and wood shavings. The benefit of using coffee grounds as a fertilizer is that it adds organic material to the soil, which improves drainage, water retention, and aeration in the soil. The used coffee grounds will also help microorganisms beneficial to plant growth thrive as well as attract earthworms. Many people feel that coffee …Revitalize Your Lawn with Compost. To boost your lawn, top-dress it with a thin layer of compost in the spring or fall. This will nourish the grass and improve soil structure and moisture retention. Spread about 1/4 inch of fine compost evenly across your lawn, using a rake to help it settle between the blades of grass.Ribbon Organics OMRI Certified Organic Compost Size: 7.9 Gallons, 32-35 Pound Bag · Michigan Peat 40 Pound Garden Magic Compost and Manure with Odor Free Blend ...Some compost bins sit directly on the ground and have an opening at the bottom. "This allows for the microbiology already present in the soil to find its way into the compost pile and accelerate the process," says Bradley. These bins are great because they never seem to get full as the microorganisms break down the …Compost improves your soil. When added to soil, compost breaks up heavy clay soils, helps sandy soils retain water and nutrients, and releases essential nutrients. Compost also contains beneficial microscopic organisms that build up the soil and make nutrients available to plants. Improving your soil is the first step towards …Compost is biologically active material that breaks down from organic matter. Mulch, on the other hand, is any material, organic or inorganic, that covers a ...Compost 101. Composting at home is easy – with a little know-how, keeping your compost pile efficient, odorless and pest-free is a cinch. Healthy compost piles are moist, warm and free of foul odors, so recognizing an unhealthy pile is not super challenging – and proper maintenance will quickly become second nature.NCSU in their Organic Lawn Care guide lists the advantages of compost over topsoil as: compost has higher nutrient content. the nutrients are slow release. compost increases nutrient- and water-holding capacity in soils. compost improves drainage in compacted soils. it has a neutral pH around 7.Mar 15, 2021 ... Don't fill them with compost by itself. Add compost to soil before you plant. Spread a 3- to 4-inch layer of compost over the area you intend to ...Soil provides plants with the necessary nutrients and support they need to grow. On the other hand, compost is a mixture of decomposed organic matter, such as leaves, grass clippings, and food scraps. Compost is often added to soil as a way to improve its quality and provide additional nutrients for plants.See full list on gardeningchannel.com 1. Build your compost pile by layering browns and greens. You'll be building your compost pile by topping a layer of browns with a layer of greens, repeating the process until …It helps the plants to aerate the soil, absorb water and oxygen, and generate biological activity. In other words, as compost is broken down it creates the specific nutrients needed to maintain proper growth. Organic soil often includes clay pebbles that create air pockets for adequate drainage, even in potted plants.Jun 14, 2021 · Composting Cow Manure. Composted cow manure fertilizer makes an excellent growing medium for garden plants. When turned into compost and fed to plants and vegetables, cow manure becomes a nutrient-rich fertilizer. It can be mixed into the soil or used as top dressing. Most composting bins or piles are located within easy reach of the garden. The main benefit of adding compost to soil is improvement of soil structure. Compost is considered a soil conditioner, rather than a fertilizer, but more ...Conventional agriculture has important challenges to guarantee soil fertility and sustainable food production. Many agricultural soils in the world are degraded and multiple strategies are currently being developed to restore them. The study of beneficial soil microorganisms has attracted increasing interest due to …Dec 15, 2023 · Composting is the controlled, aerobic (oxygen-required) biological decomposition of organic materials by microorganisms. Organic (carbon-based) materials include grass clippings, leaves, yard and tree trimmings, food scraps, crop residues, animal manure and biosolids. Compost is a dark, crumbly, earthy-smelling, biologically-stable soil ... Feb 27, 2024 · Mushroom compost and manure are two different soil amendments, not only in their composition but also in their use. Mushroom compost contains a wide range of organic materials, including horse manure, which have undergone a sanitization process before the mixture is used for growing mushrooms. It is less dense and lighter than manure and ready ... Feb 27, 2024 · Mushroom compost and manure are two different soil amendments, not only in their composition but also in their use. Mushroom compost contains a wide range of organic materials, including horse manure, which have undergone a sanitization process before the mixture is used for growing mushrooms. It is less dense and lighter than manure and ready ... Compost improves the acid soil and salinity cultivation. •. Compost effects on crop quantity and quality. •. Compost sink greenhouse gases (GHGs) in soil … Improves Soil Structure. Compost performs the seemingly contradictory functions of improving drainage in clay soils and water retention in sandy soils because in both cases what it really improves is soil structure. Good soil structure — what used to be called “good tilth” — is the basis for any good garden or farm. Contents. Quality compost is the silver bullet to a successful garden. It builds soil structure, improves drainage, adds micronutrients, fuels beneficial …Composting reduces yard waste volume by 50 to 75 percent. Compost made with manure is questionable for use in food gardens due to newer strains of bacteria that cause food-borne illnesses. The microorganisms that break down plant wastes require favorable temperatures, moisture and oxygen. Compost can be used as a …Aug 9, 2023 · It is truly phenomenal stuff! Compost is a rich, balanced, natural organic fertilizer, and an invaluable resource for gardeners and organic farmers. Finished compost is often mixed into soil as an amendment. Or, it can be applied to the soil surface as mulch. Compost provides the following benefits to soil: Jan 5, 2024 ... Composting is the practice of putting organic materials in a pile or container and allowing them to decompose into a form of soil that plants ...Jun 14, 2021 · Composting Cow Manure. Composted cow manure fertilizer makes an excellent growing medium for garden plants. When turned into compost and fed to plants and vegetables, cow manure becomes a nutrient-rich fertilizer. It can be mixed into the soil or used as top dressing. Most composting bins or piles are located within easy reach of the garden. Some compost bins sit directly on the ground and have an opening at the bottom. "This allows for the microbiology already present in the soil to find its way into the compost pile and accelerate the process," says Bradley. These bins are great because they never seem to get full as the microorganisms break down the …Compost is an organic substance that is still in the process of decomposition. It increases soil life by adding beneficial microorganisms. These microorganisms break down organic waste and convert it into plant nutrients. Compost attracts invertebrates like worms, improving the soil, creating openings in the earth, and …This 100% compost is a great alternative to synthetic fertilizers is rich in organic matters and provides nutrients to your soils. This compost material should ...Bulk Compost and Colorado Soil supplies from Colorado Materials are the ideal way to bring a new refresh to your home landscaping.It's important to note that compost could technically be defined as a soil amendment. That said, all compost being a soil amendment doesn't mean soil amendments ...Composting Cow Manure. Composted cow manure fertilizer makes an excellent growing medium for garden plants. When turned into compost and fed to plants and vegetables, cow manure becomes a nutrient-rich fertilizer. It can be mixed into the soil or used as top dressing. Most composting bins or piles are …Compost 101. Composting at home is easy – with a little know-how, keeping your compost pile efficient, odorless and pest-free is a cinch. Healthy compost piles are moist, warm and free of foul odors, so recognizing an unhealthy pile is not super challenging – and proper maintenance will quickly become second nature.Step 4: Layer the Pile. Start by creating a layer of brown materials such as wood chips, dry leaves, straw, or shredded newspaper, followed by a layer of green materials like kitchen scraps and fresh grass clippings. Add a few shovelfuls of soil or finished compost with each layer to supply established organisms.Dec 11, 2023 · Compost used as a soil amendment should be applied and incorporated into the soil before planting crops, grasses, plants, etc. Apply 1-3 inches of compost to the soil surface and work it in to the soil to a depth of about 3-4 inches. Unfinished Compost. Using unfinished compost as a soil amendment may stress plants, causing them to yellow or ... Composting has been practiced for centuries by Indigenous peoples and traditional communities and is a central component of regenerative farming and gardening. Compost’s rich mixture of microorganisms and nutrients can significantly improve soil and plant health, with cascading benefits for human and animal well-being.The application of compost has increased the abundance of Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi by 7.6 and 6.6%, respectively, but decreased the abundance of Firmicutes from 25.12 to 18.77%. Redundancy analysis revealed that soil factors pH, solid urease, organic matter, and total nitrogen were closely …It helps the plants to aerate the soil, absorb water and oxygen, and generate biological activity. In other words, as compost is broken down it creates the specific nutrients needed to maintain proper growth. Organic soil often includes clay pebbles that create air pockets for adequate drainage, even in potted plants.Step 4: Layer the Pile. Start by creating a layer of brown materials such as wood chips, dry leaves, straw, or shredded newspaper, followed by a layer of green materials like kitchen scraps and fresh grass clippings. Add a few shovelfuls of soil or finished compost with each layer to supply established organisms.The soil has been classified as a Haplic Regosol (WRB) with 47% skeleton, 26% clay, 32% silt, and 42% sand in the <2 ... The compost was produced following a standard protocol for professional aerobic quality composting (Kompostforum-Schweiz, 1998). The piles were turned each day for the first five …1. Improve soil. One of the most common ways to use compost is as a soil amendment. Compost can be mixed into established flower or vegetable gardens in …

The end result of aerobic composting is carbon dioxide, water vapor, and a dark-brown or black organic material. This material, called compost, is about half the volume of the original material and can be used to enrich soil in farm fields and gardens. Aerobic composting does not require expensive equipment, unlike …. Pods storage cost per month

compost as soil

Composting Cow Manure. Composted cow manure fertilizer makes an excellent growing medium for garden plants. When turned into compost and fed to plants and vegetables, cow manure becomes a nutrient-rich fertilizer. It can be mixed into the soil or used as top dressing. Most composting bins or piles are …Speed. Hot composting is a (relatively) fast method of composting that can handle a high volume of materials. Hot composting kills weed seeds, nasty bugs, and can clear some pathogens from some manures. Hot composting can break down things that would be very difficult to break down in a cold compost …It enriches the soil and supplies nutrients for the healthy growth of plants. Mushroom compost also increases the water-holding capacity of the soil, which decreases your watering needs. Mushroom compost is suitable for most garden plants. It supports various types of plant growth, from fruits and …Before using compost as a soil amendment, it is always a good idea to the quality by determining the optimum carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio (10–15:1), pH (6–8), soluble salts (low) and seed germination ability (> 85%) [99, 100]. Compost, as a soil amendment, is known to be rich in macro- and micronutrients. It is …Apr 6, 2021 · Growing Plants in Pure Compost. Growing plants in pure compost can cause problems with water retention and stability as well. When mixed with topsoil, compost works wonders with water, as it allows good drainage through heavy soil while it retains water in sandy soil. Used on its own, however, compost drains quickly and promptly dries out. Ribbon Organics OMRI Certified Organic Compost Size: 7.9 Gallons, 32-35 Pound Bag · Michigan Peat 40 Pound Garden Magic Compost and Manure with Odor Free Blend ...Compost is a soil chock-full of nutrients that’s created after organic matter breaks down. This soil is the end result of a decomposition process that occurs naturally, but one that we can mimic ...Dec 28, 2001 · Unlocking Nutrients in Soil. Compost not only is rich in essential plant nutrients, but also helps stimulate the release of nutrients already present in soil but in unavailable forms. The availability of soil nutrients is strongly influenced by the soil's acidity, denoted as its pH. The ideal soil pH of 6.5 is slightly acid. Soil provides plants with the necessary nutrients and support they need to grow. On the other hand, compost is a mixture of decomposed organic matter, such as leaves, grass clippings, and food scraps. Compost is often added to soil as a way to improve its quality and provide additional nutrients for plants.It is truly phenomenal stuff! Compost is a rich, balanced, natural organic fertilizer, and an invaluable resource for gardeners and organic farmers. Finished compost is often mixed into soil as an amendment. Or, it can be applied to the soil surface as mulch. Compost provides the following benefits to soil:Mushroom compost itself is not a suitable replacement for soil. While it works quite well for growing mushrooms, it isn’t as good for other plants. A good mix of 25% spent mushroom compost to 75% soil is a good ratio to start out with for container use, and you can fine-tune it from there. It’s definitely a viable soil …Bulk Compost and Colorado Soil supplies from Colorado Materials are the ideal way to bring a new refresh to your home landscaping.Mar 28, 2023 · To use compost as a mulch, spread 1 to 3 inches of compost across your garden in spring or fall. Once in place, compost mulch will inhibit weeds and shield your soil, slowing evaporation rates and conserving soil moisture levels while minimizing erosion. 5. Make compost tea. Improves Soil Structure. Compost performs the seemingly contradictory functions of improving drainage in clay soils and water retention in sandy soils because in both cases what it really improves is soil structure. Good soil structure — what used to be called “good tilth” — is the basis for any good garden or farm. Jun 29, 2021 · Fast composting of leaves starts with a layer 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20.5 cm.) thick of leaves with one inch (2.5 cm.) of soil and an inch (2.5 cm.) of manure or another green nitrogen source. You can also add 1 cup (240 mL.) of nitrogen fertilizer. Mix the layers every two weeks and keep the pile moderately moist. 1. Improve soil. One of the most common ways to use compost is as a soil amendment.Compost can be mixed into established flower or vegetable gardens in spring or fall to replenish any nutrients ....

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